Mandatory Minimum Penalties: Their Effects on Crime, Sentencing Disparities, and Justice System Expenditures

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Table of Contents

• 1. INTRODUCTION
• 2. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW
• 3. SOME THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL ISSUES
• 4. CAN OFFENDERSBE DETERRED?
  • 4.1 The Rational Choice Perspective
  • 4.2 Offender Characteristics
  • 4.3 Evidence on Deterrence and Incapacitation
    • 4.3.1 Deterrence
    • 4.3.2 Incapacitation
• 5. THE IMPACT OF MANDATORY MINIMUM SENTENCES
  • 5.1 General Mandatory Sentencing Laws
  • 5.2 Mandatory Sentences for Firearm Offences
  • 5.3 Mandatory Sentences for Impaired Driving
  • 5.4 Mandatory Sentences for Drug Offences
  • 5.5 Estimating the Effects of Hypothetical Mandatory Sentences
• 6. MANDATORY PENALTIES AND SENTENCING DISPARITIES
  • 6.1 General Disparities and the Shift from Judicial to Prosecutorial Discretion
  • 6.2 Racial Disparity
  • 6.3 Effects of Mandatory Sentences on Other Groups
• 7. THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MANDATORY SENTENCES
  • 7.1 Court Costs
  • 7.2 Effects on Prison Populations
• 8. OTHER ISSUES
• 9. CONCLUSIONS
  • 9.1 Deterrence and Incapacitation
  • 9.2 General Mandatory Sentencing Laws
  • 9.3 Mandatory Sentences for Firearms Offences
  • 9.4 Mandatory Sentences for Impaired Driving
  • 9.5 Mandatory Sentences for Drug Offences
  • 9.6 The Impact of Hypothetical Mandatory Sentencing Policies
  • 9.7 Sentencing Disparity
  • 9.8 Some Adverse Effects of Mandatory Sentences
  • 9.9 Concluding Remarks
• APPENDIX a: Mandatory Minimum Penalties in the 2001 Criminal Code
• APPENDIX B: Private Members' Bills From 1999-2001

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