Legal Service Provision in Northern Canada
Summary of Research in the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and the Yukon

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Table of Contents

• FIGURES AND TABLES
• ACRONYMS
• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT
  • 1.2 ISSUES FOR EXAMINATION
  • 1.3 FORMAT OF THE REPORT
• 2. METHODOLOGY
  • 2.1 QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE METHODOLOGIES
  • 2.2 METHODOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS AND CHALLENGES
  • 2.3 ASSESSING UNMET NEED
• 3. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
  • 3.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUES
    • 3.1.1 Demographics
    • 3.1.2 Geography and access
    • 3.1.3 Alcohol and FAS/E
    • 3.1.4 Crime and policing
    • 3.1.5 Lack of services at the community level
  • 3.2 SYSTEMS FOR THE PROVISION OF LEGAL SERVICES
    • 3.2.1 Court structures
    • 3.2.2 Resources and methods for legal service provision
    • 3.2.3 Demand for legal services
    • 3.2.4 Limitations on legal service provision
• 4. IMPACT OF COURT STRUCTURE, GEOGRAPHY, AND CULTURE ON LEGAL SERVICES DEMAND, PATTERN, AND QUALITY
  • 4.1 IMPACT OF GEOGRAPHY
  • 4.2 IMPACT OF CULTURE
  • 4.3 UNMET NEED RESULTING FROM GEOGRAPHY AND CULTURE
• 5. CIRCUIT COURTS
  • 5.1 QUALITY OF SERVICE PROVISION
  • 5.2 DELAYS IN SERVICE PROVISION
  • 5.3 CONTINUITY OF COUNSEL
  • 5.4 UNMET NEED RESULTING FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT STRUCTURE
• 6. COURTWORKERS
  • 6.1 COURTWORKER SERVICE PROVISION
  • 6.2 CONSTRAINTS FACING COURTWORKERS
  • 6.3 CURRENT ROLE OF COURTWORKERS
  • 6.4 PRESSURES ON THE ROLE OF COURTWORKERS
  • 6.5 UNMET NEED FOR COURTWORKER SERVICES
• 7. JUSTICE OF THE PEACE COURTS
  
  • 7.1 THE ROLE OF JUSTICE OF THE PEACE COURTS
  • 7.2 LEGAL SERVICE PROVISION IN JUSTICE OF THE PEACE COURTS
  • 7.3 UNMET NEED RESULTING FROM JUSTICE OF THE PEACE COURTS
• 8. CIVIL LEGAL AID
  • 8.1 CONCERNS RELATING TO CIVIL LEGAL SERVICES PROVISION
    
    • 8.1.1 Shortage of private family and other civil lawyers
    • 8.1.2 Practical limitations on service provision
    • 8.1.3 Potential for escalation
    • 8.1.4 Shortage of alternatives to the legal system
    • 8.1.5 Special requirements of family law cases
  • 8.2 UNMET NEEDS IN FAMILY AND OTHER CIVIL LAW
• 9. ACTIVITIES PRIOR TO FIRST APPEARANCE
  • 9.1 METHOD OF SERVICE DELIVERY PRIOR TO FIRST APPEARANCE
  • 9.2 CONCERNS RELATING TO SERVICE DELIVERY PRIOR TO FIRST APPEARANCE
    
    • 9.2.1 Access to legal advice
    • 9.2.2 Service by telephone
  • 9.3 UNMET NEEDS PRIOR TO FIRST APPEARANCE
• 10. INTERPLAY BETWEEN CRIMINAL AND CIVIL ISSUES
• 11. PUBLIC LEGAL EDUCATION AND INFORMATION
  
  • 11.1 CURRENT METHODS OF PLEI DELIVERY
  • 11.2 UNMET NEED FOR PLEI
• 12. COST DRIVERS
  
  • 12.1 COMMON COST DRIVERS
  • 12.2 OTHER COST DRIVERS
• 13. FEDERAL AND TERRITORIAL LEGISLATION AND POLICIES
  
  • 13.1 FEDERAL AND TERRITORIAL LEGISLATION
  • 13.2 FEDERAL AND TERRITORIAL POLICIES
  • 13.3 RESOURCE ALLOCATION
• 14. PROPOSED SOLUTIONS
• 15. CONCLUSION

FIGURES AND TABLES

• Table 2.1 - Summary of Research Methodologies
• Table 3.1 - Legal Service Organization Mandates
• Table 3.2 - Resources for Legal Service Provision
• Table 3.3 - Approved Applications for Legal Aid (1999-2002 inclusive)
• Table 3.4 - Applications Denied (Percentage of Received 2000-01) and Primary Reasons for Denial
• Table 4.1 - Unmet Need Resulting from Geography and Culture
• Table 5.1 - Unmet Need Resulting from the Circuit Court Structure
• Table 6.1 - Differences in Courtworker Service Provision
• Table 6.2 - Unmet Need for Courtworker Services
• Table 7.1 - Unmet Need Resulting from Justice of the Peace Courts
• Table 8.1 - Unmet Need in Civil and Family Law
• Table 9.1 - Unmet Need Prior to First Appearance
• Table 11.1 - Current Methods of PLEI Delivery
• Table 11.2 - Unmet Need for PLEI
• Table 14.1 - Proposed Solutions to Areas of Unmet Need in the Northwest Territories
• Table 14.2 - Proposed Solutions to Areas of Unmet Need in Nunavut
• Table 14.3 - Proposed Solutions to Areas of Unmet Need in the Yukon

ACRONYMS

• CW - Courtworker
• CYFN - Council of Yukon First Nations
• DVTO - Domestic Violence Treatment Option (Yukon)
• FVPA - Family Violence Protection Act (Yukon)
• GNWT - Government of the Northwest Territories
• JP - Justice of the Peace
• JP court - Justice of the Peace court
• LSB - Legal Services Board (N.W.T.)
• MVA - Motor Vehicle Act (Yukon)
• NCJ - Nunavut Court of Justice
• NLSB - Nunavut Legal Services Board
• N.W.T. - Northwest Territories
• PLEI - Public Legal Education and Information
• RCMP - Royal Canadian Mounted Police
• YCJA - Youth Criminal Justice Act
• YLSS - Yukon Legal Services Society
• YPLEA - Yukon Public Legal Education Association

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