| Police Enforcement and response |
What are the numbers of trained officers? |
- Number of SFST trained officers (completed)
- Number of DRE trained officers (completed)
- Rate of SFST/DRE/Alcohol certified officers per 100,000 population
|
- Public Safety Annual Report on Drug-Impaired Driving
- CCJCSS Police Administration Survey (PAS)
|
- Annual; Public Safety Annual Report on drug-impaired driving – Available January 2021 (with 2018-2019 data); 2020 data potentially available late 2021
- Annual; CCJCSS PAS – 2019 data available Fall 2020; 2020 data available fall 2021
- Justice Canada-commissioned CCJCSS dedicated Juristat on Impaired Driving, published July 2021
|
| What tools are available in the jurisdictions? |
- Number of screening devices purchased
- Number of screening devices in service
- Number of screening devices deployed
|
- Public Safety Annual Report on drug-impaired driving
|
- Annual; Public Safety Annual Report on drug-impaired driving – Available January 2021 (with 2018-2019 data); 2020 data potentially available late 2021
|
| Police Investigative procedures |
What tools and techniques are used in impaired driving investigations? |
- Number of times when SFST used (total; by police force when possible)
- Results of SFST (% positive)
- Number of times when ADSE used (total; by police force when possible)
- Results of ADSE (% positive)
- Number of requests for DRE (total; by police force if possible)
- Results of DRE (% positive; by type of substance)
- Number of requests for blood samples (total; by police force if possible)
|
- Public Safety Annual Report on drug-impaired driving
|
- Annual; Public Safety Annual Report on drug-impaired driving – Available January 2021 (with 2018-2019 data); 2020 data potentially available late 2021
- Limitation – limited extent of data coverage for alcohol-related incidents
|
- Number of mandatory alcohol screenings (MAS) conducted
|
- Individual police organization tracking
|
- This data is not collected/reported at a national level; there are at least some police forces that are tracking MAS (e.g. OPP, Calgary), but it is unknown the extent of coverage
- Beirness 2021
|
| What is the outcome of the investigative procedure? |
- Results of blood analyses (% positive; by type of substance)
- Number of Criminal Code charges laid; P/T administrative sanctions imposed
|
Public Safety Annual Report on drug-impaired driving |
- Annual; Public Safety Annual Report on drug-impaired driving – Available January 2021 (with 2018-2019 data); 2020 data potentially available late 2021
- Limitation – unknown extent of data coverage for alcohol-related incidents
|
| Police data: Founded and unfounded incidents and drivers charged |
What are the characteristics of drivers stopped by police? |
- How many drivers are stopped and person cleared
- Age;
- gender;
- ethnicity;
- citizenship;
- previous criminal and driving history;
|
- Local police services tracking
|
- Beirness 2021
- 2021 National Justice Survey – Public Opinion Survey oversampling racialized groups; some information will be gathered about experiences with traffic stops
|
| Characteristics of drivers charged with impaired driving? |
- Age;
- gender;
- marital status;
- ethnicity;
- citizenship;
- previous criminal / driving history;
|
- Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR) includes age and gender variables
- Other characteristics: potentially available through linkage with UCR and tax/census (or other) data in CCJCSS social data linkage environment (SDLE)
|
- Annual; 2019 UCR data will be released in fall 2020; 2020 UCR data published July 2021
- Justice Canada-commissioned CCJCSS dedicated Juristat on Impaired Driving, published July 2021.
|
| What are the police-reported impaired and dangerous driving trends? |
- Number of impaired driving incidents (differentiate by alcohol, drug, or both)
- Number of dangerous driving incidents
- Number of impaired driving causing death incidents (differentiate by alcohol, drug, or both)
- Number and proportion of impaired driving incidents cleared by charge (differentiate by alcohol, drug, or both)
- Number and proportion of dangerous driving incidents cleared by charge
- Number and proportion of impaired driving causing death incidents cleared by charge (differentiate by alcohol, drug, or both)
- Time to clear impaired driving incidents (differentiate by alcohol, drug, or both)
|
| Courts |
What are the court trends on impaired driving in Canada? |
- Number of impaired driving cases (differentiate drugs and alcohol)
- Proportion of impaired driving cases with a guilty verdict
- Drug-impaired driving vs. alcohol-impaired driving
- Driver previously accused; by gender
- Average fine amount (dollars)
- Sentences for impaired driving cases
|
- Integrated Criminal Court Survey (ICCS)
|
- Annual; 2018-2019 ICCS (court) data will be released in fall/winter 2020; 2019-2020 court data released in fall/winter 2021
- Justice Canada-commissioned CCJCSS dedicated Juristat on Impaired Driving, published July 2021.
|
| Impaired driving case efficiencies |
- Time to complete impaired driving cases
- Drug-impaired driving vs. alcohol-impaired driving
- Average number of appearances
|
| Traffic safety, fatalities and injuries on roads in Canada |
What are the collision trends in Canada? And, how have they changed? |
- Number of collisions
- Number of fatalities
- Number of injured
|
- Transport Canada -National Collision Database (NCDB). The NCDB contains data on all reportable motor vehicle collisions in Canada that the provinces and territories provide each year.
|
- The 2017 figures were published in 2019. Next release: 2018 data expected in 2020; preliminary 2019 data by special request to Transport Canada.
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| What are the road fatality and injury trends in Canada? And, how have they changed? |
- Fatalities by Road User Class (driver, passenger, pedestrian, bicyclist, motorcyclist)
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| What are the road fatality and injury trends in Canada involving alcohol or drugs, or both? And, how have they changed? |
- Number and proportion of injured drivers (by age and gender) with a drug, cannabis in particular, detected in their body fluids, alone or in conjunction with another substance, and level
- Number and proportion of fatally injured drivers (by age and gender) with a drug, cannabis in particular, detected in their body fluids, alone or in conjunction with another substance, and level
|
- Public Safety Annual Report on drug-impaired driving
- Traffic Injury Research Foundation’s (TIRF) National Fatality Database
|
- Annual; Public Safety Annual Report on drug-impaired driving – Available January 2021 (with 2018-2019 data); 2020 data potentially available late 2021
- Limitation – unknown extent of data coverage for alcohol-only incidents
- TIRF’s database includes police-reported crash data combined with alcohol and drug test data collected from coroners and medical examiners in every jurisdiction. Most recent data from 2017 released in late 2020.
|
| Prevalence of drugs and alcohol on Canadian roads |
What is the prevalence of cannabis use in the general population? |
- % of Canadians age 15 and older who have used cannabis in the past 12 months
|
- Canadian Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey (CTADS) inactive as of 2017) – As of 2017 CTADS will be separated into two independent surveys. These two surveys were conducted in 2019, starting with the Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey (CADS (record number : 5289), followed by the Canadian Tobacco and Nicotine Survey (CTNS; record number 5305).Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey (CSTADS).
- Done by Statistics Canada on behalf of Health Canada every 2 years
|
- CADS 2019 survey data expected in (unknown release date)
- CTNS – 2020 data released in March 2021
- CSTADS -2018/19 data is available, next survey expected to be conducted during 2020/21 school year
|
| What is the prevalence of cannabis use in the general population? |
- % of Canadians age 15 and older who have used cannabis in the past 3 months
|
- National cannabis survey (Statistics Canada quarterly survey)
|
- Quarterly; 2020 data released in April 2021
|
| Prevalence of alcohol use in the general population |
- % of Canadians age 12 and older who reported consuming 5 or more drinks (male) or 4 or more drinks (female) on one occasion, at least once a month in past year
|
- Canadian Community Health Survey (Statistics Canada annual survey)
|
- Annual; 2019 data released in summer 2020; 2020 data released fall 2021
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| What are the characteristics of people who have operated a vehicle after consuming alcohol and how frequently do people drive after consuming alcohol? |
- Self-reported driving after consuming 2+ alcoholic beverages 1 hour before driving
- Number of times driving after consuming 2+ alcoholic beverages 1 hour before driving in the past 12 months
|
- Canadian Community Health Survey (Statistics Canada annual survey)
|
- Annual; 2019 data released in summer 2020; 2020 data released fall 2021.
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| What are the characteristics of people who have operated a vehicle after consuming cannabis and how frequently do people drive after consuming cannabis? |
- Self-reported driving within two hours of using cannabis
- Self-reported passenger in a vehicle with a driver who used cannabis in the previous two hours
- Drivers who had an interaction with law enforcement related to driving under the influence
- Opinion on how cannabis impacts driving
- Opinion on likelihood of being caught driving under the influence of alcohol or cannabis
|
- Canadian cannabis survey (annual since 2017) (Health Canada)
|
- Annual; 2020 data released in December 2020
|
| What are the characteristics of people who have operated a vehicle after consuming cannabis in combination with alcohol or other drugs? |
- Self-reported driving within two hours of using cannabis in combination with alcohol
- Self-reported driving within two hours of using cannabis in combination with other drugs
|
| Hospitals and drug/alcohol testing labs |
What are the characteristics of injured drivers visiting emergency rooms in Canada? |
- % of injured drivers with alcohol or other drugs in their blood obtained at hospital
|
- National Drug Driving Study
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Brubacher’s publications and project list |
