Costs of Crime in Canada, 2008
Appendix C: Costs of the Third-Party
Table 1: Funeral and Burial Expenses
| Number
of homicide victims 2008 |
611 |
| Average
cost of funeral services in Canada 2006 |
$6,583 1.a |
| Average
cost of funeral services in Canada 2008 (inflation adjustment) |
$6,800 |
| Total
Funeral and Burial Expenses (611 * $6,800) |
$4,154,800 |
1.a.Saskatchewan Co-operative Association. Available at www.sask.coop/documents/Co-operativeSpotlightJuly.pdf
a. Health Care Costs
| Number
of other people harmed or threatened (Main File, GSS 2004) |
126,451 2.a |
| Number
of other people harmed or threatened (Incident File, GSS 2004) |
1,039,689 2.a |
| Total
number of other people harmed or threatened (126,451 + 1,039,689) |
1,166,140 |
| Proportion
of people who had medical attention from a physician |
3% |
| Number
of people having medical attention from a physician (1,166,140 * 3%) |
34,984 |
| Average
cost of medical attention from a physician 2008 |
$55.64 |
| Costs
of medical attention from a physician (34,984 * $55.64) |
$1,946,510 |
| Proportion
of people who had medical attention at a hospital |
10% 2.b |
| Number
of people having medical attention at a hospital (1,166,140 * 10%) |
116,614 |
| Costs
of an emergency visit at a hospital |
$260 |
| Costs
of medical attention at a hospital(116,614 * $260) |
$30,319,640 |
| Number
of victims transported to hospital by ambulance (116,614 * 0.7) |
81,630 |
| Average
cost of providing a ground ambulance transport |
$400 |
| Costs of providing ambulance services (81,630 * $400) |
$32,652,000 |
| Costs of medical attention at a hospital ($30,319,640
+ $32,652,000) |
$62,971,640 |
| Health
Care Costs to Other People ($1,946,510 + $62,971,640) |
$64,918,150 |
b. Value of Productivity Losses
| Number
of other people taking time off from daily activity |
187,510 2.c |
| Number
of days other people taking time off from daily activity (187,510*2) |
375,021 2.d |
| Average
hourly wage rate for household workers 2008 (inflation adjustment) |
$13.2 2.e |
| Value
of Productivity Losses of Other People Harmed or Threatened |
$37,127,073 |
Summary Table for Costs to Other
People Harmed or Threatened
| a.
Health Care Costs |
$64,918,150 |
| b. Value
of Productivity Losses |
$37,127,073 |
| Total
Costs to Other People Harmed or Threatened |
$102,045,223 |
- 2.a. GSS 2004, Victimization, Main File :
XAR_Q185, PR_101_2004 and PR_304_2004; Incident File: CIR_Q336
- 2.b.Due to lack of data, we do not consider the case of
staying at hospital overnight.
- 2.c. The figure only refers to adults. The Main File of the
2004 GSS provides the information regarding the percentage (of the total number
of other people harmed or threatened) that adults represent. Then, this percentage
is applied to the data obtained from Incident File.
- 2.d. It is assumed that each person takes two days off form
their main activities.
- 2.e. The value of household work is used as a conservative
estimate.
a. Value of Lost Production/Services of Family Members
| Number
of victims talking to family members (Main file) |
336,487 3.a |
| Number
of victims talking to family members (Incident file) |
5,339,698 3.b |
| Total
number of family members listening to victims (336,487 + 5,339,698) |
5,676,185 3.c |
| Average
hours of talking to family member |
5 3.d |
| Total
number of hours spent talking to a family member (5,676,185* 5) |
28,380,925 |
| Average
hourly wage rate for household workers 2008 |
$13.2 |
| Value
of Lost Production/Services of Family Members (28,380,925 * $13.2) |
$374,628,210 |
b. Value of Lost Production/Services of Friends/Neighbours
| Number of victims talking to friends/neighbours (Main
File) |
337,509 3.e |
| Number of victims talking to friends/neighbours
(Incident File) |
5,304,591 3.f |
| Total number of friends/neighbours listening to victims (337,509
+ 5,304,591) |
5,642,100 3.g |
| Average hours of talking to friends/neighbours |
5 3.h |
| Total number of hours spent talking to a family
member (5,676,185* 5) |
28,210,500 |
| Average hourly wage rate for household workers
2008 |
$13.2 |
| Value of Lost Production/Services of
Friends/Neighbours (28,210,500 * $13.2) |
$372,378,600 |
c. Value of Lost Production/Services of Co-workers
Main File, GSS 2004
| Number
of victims talking to co-workers |
148,235 3.i |
| Average
number of hours talking to co-workers |
3 3.j |
| Total
hours spent in talking to co-workers (148,235 * 3) |
444,705 |
| Average
annual salary of co-workers talking to victims |
$40,421 3.k |
| Average
wage rate per hour for co-workers |
$22.5 3.l |
| Value
of Lost Production/Services of Co-workers (444,705 * $22.5) |
$10,005,863 |
Incident File, GSS 2004
| Number
of victims talking to co-workers |
3,462,295 3.m |
| Average
number of hours talking to co-workers |
3 3.j |
| Total
hours spent in talking to co-workers (3 * 3,462,295) |
10,386,885 |
| Average
annual salary of co-workers talking to victims |
$43,903 3.n |
| Average
wage rate per hour for co-workers |
$24 3.l |
| Value
of Lost Production/Services of Co-workers (10,386,885 * $24) |
$249,285,240 |
| Value
of Lost Production/Services of Co-workers ($10,005,863 + $249,285,240) |
$259,291,103 |
d. Traffic Delays due to Drinking and Driving
| Costs of traffic delays due to drinking and driving in Ontario, 2004 |
$16,100,000 3.o |
| Population of Ontario, 2004 |
12,390,599 |
| Per capita cost of traffic delays due to drinking and
driving 2004 ($16,100,000 / 12,390,599) |
$1.30 |
| Per capita cost of traffic delays due to drinking and
driving 2008 (Inflation adjustment) |
$1.42 |
| Population in Canada 2008 |
33,311,389 |
| Costs of Traffic Delays Due to Drinking and Driving
2008 (33,311,389 * $1.42) |
$47,302,172 |
Summary Table for Value of Lost
Production/Services of Other People
| a. Value
of Lost Production/Services of Family Members |
$374,628,210 |
| b.
Value of Lost Production/Services of Friends/Neighbours |
$372,378,600 |
| c. Value
of Lost Production/Services of Co-workers |
$259,291,103 |
| d. Costs
of Traffic Delays Due to Drinking and Driving |
$47,302,172 |
| Total
Value of Lost Production/Services of Other People |
$1,053,600,085 |
- 3.a. GSS 2004,
Victimisation, Main File: XAR_Q530, PR_101_2004 and PR_304_2004.
- 3.b. GSS 2004, Victimization,
Incident File: CIR_Q601.
- 3.c. For each record, it is
assumed that there was only one family member involved.
- 3.d. If the family member takes
time off from work/household work to listen to the victim, there is a
production loss. If the family member uses leisure time, there is also an
opportunity cost, as he/she can use this time to relax. We use the value of
household work as a conservative estimate, which may significantly
underestimate the true cost. In those serious cases, family members may take
days or weeks off from main activities to take care of the victims or as
companies.
- 3.e. GSS 2004, Victimisation,
Main File: XAR_Q540, PR_101_2004 and PR_304_2004.
- 3.f. GSS 2004, Victimization,
Incident File: CIR_Q602.
- 3.g. For each record, it is
assumed that there was only one friend or neighbour involved.
- 3.h. If the friends or neighbours
take time off from work/household work to listen to the victim, there is a
production loss. If they use their leisure time, there is also an opportunity
cost, as he/she can use this time to relax. The value of household work is used
as a conservative estimate.
- 3.i. GSS 2004, Victimisation,
Main File: XAR_Q550, PR_101_2004 and PR_304_2004.
- 3.j. It is assumed that a 3-hour
conversation occurs during the work time.
- 3.k. GSS 2004, Victimization, Main
File: INCM, XAR_Q550, PR_101_2004 and PR_304_2004.
- 3.l. 52.18 weeks per year, 5 days
per week, 7.5 hours per day.
It is assumed that the wage rate for the co-worker is the same as the victim's.
- 3.m. GSS 2004, Victimization,
Incident File: CIR_Q603.
- 3.n. GSS 2004, Victimization, Main
File: INCM; Incident File: CIR_Q603;
- 3.o. Drinking and driving
collisions defined as collisions associated with alcohol consumption by one or
more involved drivers—not necessarily where alcohol was the cause. Costs of
traffic delays include extra time, extra fuel and extra pollution. It should be
noted that while some of the costs are borne by the victims, the majority part
of this type of costs is borne by the public. Therefore, it is decided to
include the traffic-delay costs in the third-party costs. Analysis and
Estimation of the Social Cost of Motor Vehicle Collisions in Ontario, 2007,
Transport Canada.
Table 4: Costs to Victim Services and Compensation Programs
| Number
of victim service agencies 2007/08 |
879 4.a |
| Average
cost of providing victim services per agency 2007/08 |
$263,181 4.b |
| Average
cost of providing victim services per agency 2008 (Inflation adjustment) |
$270,073 |
| Total
costs of providing victim services (879 * $270,073) |
$237,394,167 |
| Number
of agencies offering only criminal injuries compensation programs |
5 4.a |
| Number
of victim service providers offering compensation programs |
65 4.c |
| Average
compensation expenditure per agency 2007/08 |
$2,911,111 4.d |
| Average
compensation expenditure per agency 2008 |
$2,987,342 |
| Total
compensation costs to the 70 services agencies (70 * $2,987,342) |
$209,113,940 |
| Victim
Services expenditures from Correctional Service of Canada |
$3,400,000 |
| Victim
Services expenditures from Public Prosecution Service of Canada |
$1,000,000 |
| Total
Costs to Victim Services and Compensation Programs |
$450,908,107 |
- 4.a. Victim Services Survey, 2007/2008. According to the
survey, there were 884 victim service agencies in the fiscal year ending March
31, 2008. Out of the 884 agencies, 5 agencies offered only criminal injuries
compensation programs or other financial benefits programs to victims of crime.
- 4.b.Victim Services Survey, 2007/2008. According to
information collected from 679 victim service agencies (excluding compensation
programs), the cost of providing formal services to victims of crime in Canada was $178.7 million in 2007/2008. This amount excludes costs incurred to administer
criminal injury compensation and other financial benefits programs, and other
costs not specifically related to the formal delivery of services provided to
victims of crime. Therefore, the average cost was $263,181 (=$178,700,000 /
679).
- 4.c. Victim Services Survey, 2007/2008. In addition to the
5 programs that offered only compensation services to victims of crime, 65 of
the victim services offices that provided a wide range of services also offered
compensation or other financial benefit programs for victims.
- 4.d. Victim Services Survey, 2007/2008. The 45 survey-participating
agencies indicated they had awarded a total of $131 million in compensation to
victims of crime in 2007/2008. Therefore, the average cost of providing
compensation in 2007/08 was $2,911,111(=$131,000,000 / 45).
Table 5: Expenditures of Shelters for Victims
| Number
of shelters in Canada 2008 |
569 5.a |
| Proportion
of admissions related to abuse |
75% 5.a |
| Number
of shelters in Canada 2006 |
553 5.b |
| Annual
operating costs for shelters 2006 |
$317,000,000 5.a |
| Average
operating expenditure per shelter 2006 ($317,000,000 / 553) |
$573,237 |
| Average
operating expenditure per shelter 2008 (Inflation adjustment) |
$595,810 |
| Total
Expenditures of Shelter Services (569 * 75% * $595,810) |
$254,261,918 |
Table 6: Other Expenditures Related To Crime
| Spending
on law enforcement |
$114,600,000 6.a |
| Spending
on enhancing prosecution services |
$16,000,000 6.b |
| Spending
on national crime prevention strategy |
$34,381,350 6.c |
| Spending
on enhancing federal corrections system |
$61,000,000 6.d |
| Total
Other Expenditures Related to Crime |
$225,981,350 |
- 6.a. Public Safety Canada works in close collaboration with
federal, provincial, territorial and international law enforcement partners to
develop appropriate national policies to address new and evolving crime issues.
Departmental Performance Reports 2008/09.
- 6.b. The Government of Canada provided $32 million for 2008
and 2009 to enhance the work of the Public Prosecution Service of Canada. The Budget
in Brief 2008, Department of Finance 2008.
- 6.c. Canada's National
Crime Prevention Centre (NCPC) provides national leadership on effective and
cost-effective ways to prevent and reduce crime by addressing known risk
factors in high-risk populations and locations. Departmental Performance Reports
2008/09, Public Safety.
- 6.d. The Government of Canada committed $122 million over
two years (2008/09-2009/10) to ensure that the federal corrections system is on
track to implement a new vision to achieve better public safety results. The Budget
in Brief 2008, Department of Finance 2008.
