Arboleda-Florez, J. “Mental illness and violence: An epidemiological appraisal of the evidence.” Canadian Journal of Psychiatry43 (1998): 989-996.
Bala, N. Young Offenders Law. Ontario: Irwin Law, 1998.
Blaauw, E., Kerkhof, A. and Vermunt, R. “Psychopathology in police custody.” International Journal of Law and Psychology21 (1998): 73-87.
B.C. Legal Services Society. 2002/2003-2004/2005. Service Plan. Retrieved Jun. 4, 2002, from http://www.lss.bc.ca
Bland, R., Newman, S., Thompson, A. and Dyck, R. “Psychiatric disorders in the population and prisoners.” International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. 21,3 (1998): 273-279.
Boland, F., Burrill, R., Duwyn, M. and Karp, J. Fetal alcohol syndrome: Implications for correctional service. Correctional Service of Canada, 1998. Retrieved Aug. 20, 2002, from www/csc-scc.gc.ca/text/rsrch/reports/r71/r71e/shtml
Boland, F., Henderson, K. and Baker, J. Case needs review: Substance abuse domain. Correctional Service of Canada, 1998. Retrieved Aug. 20, 2002, from www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/rsrch/reports/r75/r75e.shtml
Brink, J, Dohery, D. and Boer, A. “Mental disorder in federal offenders: A Canadian prevalence study.” International Journal of Law and Psychology, 24 (2001): 339-356.
Brown, D., Ellis, T. and Larcombe, K. Changing the Code: Police detention under the PACE codes of practice. London: HMSO, 1992.
Bucke, T. and Brown, D. In police custody: Police powers and suspects' rights under the revised PACE codes of practice. London: Home Office, 1997.
Buckley, M. The legal aid crisis: Time for action. Canadian Bar Association, 2000.
Cassell, P.G. and Hayman. “Dialogue on Miranda: Police interrogation n the 1990's: An empirical study of the effects of Miranda.” UCLA Law Review 43 (1996): 839.
Cassell, P.G. and Fowles, R. “Handcuffing the cops? A thirty-year perspective on Miranda's harmful effect on law enforcement.” Stanford Law Review 50 (1998): 1055-1172.
Cao, L. and Huang, B. “Determinants of citizen complaints against police abuse of power.” Journal of Criminal Justice 28 (2000): 203-213.
Cloud, M., Sheperd, G., Nodvin Barkoff, A. and Shur, J. “Words without meaning: The constitution, confessions, and mentally retarded suspects.” University of Chicago Law Review 69 (2002): 495-624.
Coles, E.M. and Jang, D. “A psychological perspective on the legal concepts of 'volition' and 'intent.'” Journal of Law and Medicine 4 (1996): 60-71.
Crawford, K. “Invoking the Miranda right to counsel.” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 64 (1995): 27-33.
Cunnien, A.J. “Alcoholic blackouts: Phenomenology and legal relevance.” Behavioral Sciences and the Law 4 (1986): 73-85.
Currie, A. “ Legal aid delivery models in Canada: Past experience and future Developments. ” The International Legal Aid Conference, 1999, Vancouver, British Columbia.
Currie, A. The New Brunswick aboriginal duty counsel project. Ottawa: Department of Justice Canada, 2000. Retrieved July, 2, 2002, from /eng/pi/rs/rep-rap/2000/rr00_12a.pdf
Durno, B. President's Report. Ontario Criminal Lawyers Association Newsletter, Vol. 4 (1994): 1-3. Retrieved July, 2, 2002, from www.criminallawyers.ca/
Easton, S. The case for the right to silence. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Company, 1998.
Edwards, A. “The exercise of police powers in Queensland: The defendant's perspective.” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology 30 (1997): 217-236.
Endicott, O. Persons with intellectual disability who are incarcerated for criminal offences: A literature review. Correctional Service of Canada, 1991. Retrieved Aug. 20, 2002, from www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/rsrch/reports/r14/r14e.shtml
Harvie, R. and Foster, H. “Different drummers, different drums: The Supreme Court of Canada, American jurisprudence and the continuing revision of Criminal Law under the Charter.” Ottawa Law Review 24 (1992): 39-115.
Jacobs, J.B. “The evolution of U.S. criminal law.” Issues of Democracy, IIP Electronic Journals 6 (2001): 6-15.
Johnsen, J. Studies of legal needs and legal aid in a marker context. The International Legal Aid Conference, 1999. Retrieved Aug. 20, 2002, from http://flair.law.ubc.ca/ilac/Papers/11 percent20Johnsen.html
Laing, J.M. “The police surgeon and mentally disordered suspects: An adequate safeguard?” Web Journal of Current Legal Issues1 (1996). Retrieved July 31, 2002, from http://webjcli.ncl.ac.uk/1996/issue1/laing1.html
Lancaster, J. “Saskatchewan.” The International Legal Aid Conference, 1999. Retrieved, June 6, 2002, from http://flair.ubc.ca/ilac/Papers/13 percent20Lancaster.html
Latzer, B. “State constitutional developments.” Criminal Law Bulletin 36 (2000): 148-163.
Legal Services Commission. The Criminal Defence Service. London: Legal Services Commission, 2001. Retrieved August 4, 2002, from http://www.legalservices.gov.uk/cds/index.htm
Legal Services Commission. The duty solicitor manual. London: Legal Services Commission, 2002. Retrieved August 4, 2002, from http://www.legalservices.gov.uk/cds/duty_sol i citor_manual
Leo, R.A. “The impact of Miranda revisited.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology86 (1996): 621-693.
Leo, R. A. “Questioning the relevance of Miranda in the twenty-first century.” Michigan Law Review 99 (2001): 1000-1029.
Littlechild, B. The social worker as appropriate adult under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. Birmingham: The British Association of Social Workers, 1996.
Lord Chancellor's Department (2001(a)). Criminal Defence Service: Choice of representative consultation paper. London: Lord Chancellor's Dept., 2001. Retrieved August 5, 2002, from http://www.lcd.gov.uk/consult/saldef/chrepresp.htm
Lord Chancellor's Department. (2001b). Criminal Defence Service: Establishing a salaried defence service. London: Lord Chancellor's Dept., 2001. Retrieved, August 5, 2002, from http://www.lcd.gov.uk/consult/saldef/saldefresp.htm
Mason, A. “Canada.” In Dirk van Zyl Smit and Frieder Dunkel, eds. Imprisonment today and tomorrow: International perspectives on prisoners' rights and prison conditions. Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2001.
McCoy, R. “Note: Is there a need for Miranda: A look at Australian and Canadian interrogation.” Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law17 (2000): 627-649.
McDonald, S. “The right to know: Women, ethnicity, violence and learning about the Law.” Ph. D. thesis. Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, 2000.
Medford, S., Gudjonsson, G. and Pearce, J. The identification of persons at risk in police custody. London: Institute of Psychiatry at the Maudsley, 2000.
Motiuk, L. and Porporino, F. The prevalence, nature and severity of mental health problems among federal male inmates in Canadian penitentiaries. Correctional Service of Canada, 1991. Retrieved Aug. 20, 2002, from www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/rsrch/reports/r24/r24e.shtml
National Council of Welfare. Legal aid and the poor: How can legal aid be improved. Access to Justice Network, 1995. Retrieved Nov. 23, 2001, from http://129.128.19.162/docs/poor3.html
National Equal Justice Library. Legal aid in England. Washington, D.C.: Washington College of Law, American University, 2002. Retrieved August 4, 2002, from www.equaljusticelibrary.org.cnhost.com/international/english.asp
Nemetz, T. and Bean, P. “Protecting the rights of the mentally disordered in police stations: The use of the appropriate adult in England and Wales.” International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 24 (2001): 595-605.
Ontario Legal Aid Plan. “Proposed pilot projects: Final Report.” Ontario, 1998. Retrieved, April 18, 2002, from http://www.lsuc.on.ca/services/legal_aid_pilot_en.jsp
Paciocco, D.M. and Stuesser, L. The Law of Evidence. 2nd ed. Toronto: Irwin Law, 1999.
Pernanen, K., Cousieau, M., Brochu, S. and Sun, F. “Proportions of crimes associated with alcohol and other drugs in Canada.” Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, 2002. Retrieved Aug. 2, 2002, from www.ccsa.ca/
Petrowski, T.D. “Miranda revisited.” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 70 (2001): 25-33.
Philips, R. “Big 6: Lawful Exceptions to Miranda.” Law Enforcement Quarterly 30 (2001): 16-19.
Phillips, C. and Brown, D. Entry into the criminal justice system: A survey of police arrests and outcomes. London: Home Office, 1998.
Pitts, D. “The Scottsboro boys and fundamental rights.” Issues of Democracy, IIP Electronic Journals 6 (2001): 29-35.
Porporino, F. The prison careers of offenders with mental disorders. Correctional Services of Canada, 1994. Retrieved Aug. 20, 2002, from http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/rsrch/reports/r33/r33e.shtml
Raine, J.W. and Wilson, M.J. “The court, consumerism and the defendant.” British Journal of Criminology 36 (1996): 498-508.
Renke, W.N. (1996(a)). “By-passing the tell-tale heart: The right to counsel and the exclusion of evidence.” University of British Columbia Law Review 30 (1996): 99-136.
Renke, W.N. (1996b). “Flappers to rappers: Criminal Law in 1921 and 1996.” Alberta Law Review 35 (1996): 80-116.
Roesch, R. “Mental health interventions in jails.” In Davis, G., Lloyd-Bostock, S., McCurran, M., and Wilson, C., eds. Psychology, law and criminal justice (pp. 520-531). New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1995.
Sanders, A. “Access to justice in the police station: An elusive dream?” In Young, R. and Wall, D. eds. Access to criminal justice (pp. 254-275). London: Blackstone Press, 1996.
Sharpe, R.J. and Swinton, K.E. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Toronto: Irwin Law, 1998.
Stuart, D. Charter justice in Canadian criminal law.3rd ed.. Toronto: Carswell, 2001.
Stuckey, G.B., Roberson, C. and Wallace, H. Procedures in the justice system. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 2001.
Teplin, L. “The prevalence of severe mental disorders among male jail detainees: comparison with the Epidemiological Catchment Area Program.” American Journal of Public Health 80 (1990): 663-669.
Teplin, L. “Keeping the peace: Police discretion and mentally ill persons.” National Institute of Justice Journal (2000): 1-15.
Thomas, G. and Leo, R.A. “The effects of Miranda v. Arizona: Embedded in our national culture?” In M. Tonry, ed. Crime and Justice: A review of research, crime and justice. Vol. 29. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001.
Uelmen, G.F. “2001: A train ride: A guided tour of the sixth amendment right to counsel.” Law and Contemporary Problems 58 (1995): 13-2.
Verdun-Jones, S.N. and Tijerino, A.A.An assessment of the B.C. Law Courts Education Society Pilot Project for Unrepresented Defendants: A legal and qualitative analysis. Ottawa; Department of Justice Canada, 2001.
Vernon, M., Steinberg, A.G. and Montoya, L.A. “Deaf murderers: Clinical and forensic issues.” Behavioral Sciences and the Law 17 (1999): 495-516.
Vitelli, R. “The homeless inmate in a maximum-security prison.” Canadian Journal of Criminology 35 (1993): 323-331.
Wall, D.S. “Legal aid, social policy, and the architecture of criminal justice: The supplier induced inflation thesis and legal aid policy.” Journal of Law and Society 23 (1996): 549-569.
Wilkinson, J.S. “The possibility of alcoholic automatism: Some empirical evidence.” Canadian Criminal Law Review 2 (1997): 217-238.
Zapf, P., Roesch, R. and Hart, S. “An examination of the relationship of homelessness to mental disorder, criminal behaviour, and health care in pretrial jail population.” Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 41 (1996): 435-440.
COURT CASES CITED
SUPREME COURT OF CANADA
R. v. Bartle (1994), 92 C.C.C. (3d) 289.
R. v. Brydges (1990), 53 C.C.C. (3d) 330.
R. v. Cobham (1994), 92 C.C.C. (3d) 333.
R. v. Collins (1987), 33 C.C.C. (3d) 1.
R. v. Debot (1989), 52 C.C.C. (3d) 207.
R. v. Evans (1991), 63 C.C.C. (3d) 289.
R. v. Feeney (1997), 115 C.C.C. (3d) 129.
R. v. Harper (1994), 92 C.C.C. (3d) 423.
R. v. Latimer (1997), 112 C.C.C. (3d) 193.
R. v. Matheson (1994), 92 C.C.C. (3d) 434.
R. v. Pozniak (1994), 92 C.C.C. (3d) 472.
R. v. Prosper (1994), 92 C.C.C. (3d) 353.
R. v. Whittle (1994), 92 C.C.C. (3d) 11.
R. v. Therens (1985), 18 C.C.C. (3d) 481.
PROVINCIAL AND TERRITORIAL APPELLATE COURTS
R. v. Boomer (2001), 154 C.C.C. (3d) 425 (B.C.C.A.).
R. v. Brunczlik, [2000] O.J. No. 116 (Ont. C.A.), online: QL (O.J.).
R. v. Chisholm, [2001] N.S.J. No. 58 (N.S.C.A.), online: QL (N.S.J.).
R. v. Dimic, [1998] O.J. No. 2666 (Ont. C.A.), online: QL (O.J.).
R. v. Eakin, [2000] O.J. No. 1670 (Ont. C.A.), online: QL (O.J.).
