Table of Contents

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• Executive Summary
• 1.0 Introduction
• 2.0 Background
  • What are hate crimes?
  • Measuring hate crime in Canada
  • Statistics on hate crime in Canada
• 3.0 Method
• 4.0 Findings
  • Charge
  • Victim Characteristics
  • Grounds of victimization
    • Race, ethnicity, and nationality
    • Religion
    • Language
    • Age
    • Sex
    • Sexual Orientation
    • Disability (mental and physical) and other similar factors
  • Offenders/ Group offending
  • Reasons for considering hate in sentencing
  • Quantum of enhancement
  • Hate Propaganda and Mischief relating to religious property (sections 318(1), 319(1), 319(2), 430(4.1) of the Criminal Code)
• 5.0 Conclusion
• List of Cases (in alphabetical order)
  • Cases applying s.718.2(a)(i)
  • Cases applying s.318(1)
  • Cases applying s.319(1)
  • Cases applying s. 319(2)
  • Cases applying s. 430(4.1)
• Secondary Materials
  • Journal Articles
  • Book Chapters
  • Government Reports
  • Other

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